вЂњWe will continue to monitor the reefs and adjacent sites to document change and how effective adding small fish habitat structures is in enhancing fish life on seawalls. вЂњItвЂ™s amazing, after only a few weeks the pods are already attracting the interest of the types of species we hope will be drawn to this new habitat such as leatherjackets, bream and octopus,вЂќ said UTS Professor of Marine Ecology David Booth, who led the project. The hope for the artificial reef in Sydney is for sea life to take up residence within its structures, thus encouraging and hopefully restoring some of the areaвЂ™s biodiversity. As in any ecosystem, cutting out one link reverberates up the food chain and impacts other species in this case, the diversity of the fish populations near affected reefs drops, as does the reefвЂ™s overall ability to carry out the functions necessary for it to survive and thrive.

Reefs in the Caribbean have also been affected in recent years. ItвЂ™s possible for coral to recover, but it usually takes up to ten years-and thatвЂ™s if no further bleaching occurs. Warm temperatures cause coral to eject the algae that live in their tissue, hence the change from colored to white. After mass bleachings caused by unusually warm water in 2016-2017, scientists found an 89 percent reduction in new coral growth.Д«leached coral doesnвЂ™t mean dead coral. Over a thousand miles north sits the Great Barrier Reef larger than Italy and half the size of Texas, itвЂ™s the worldвЂ™s largest coral reef system, and itвЂ™s struggling. The reef was installed along the sea wall of SydneyвЂ™s world-famous Opera House. Half the units also have triangular tiles extending from the hexagonsвЂ™ cores. The result of a three-year partnership between the University of Technology Sydney (UTS), the Sydney Opera House, and the government of New South Wales, the reef was made by Reef Design Lab and consists of eight one-meter-tall pods, each containing three steel and concrete hexagonal structures. Last week another effort joined the ranks: a purpose-built artificial reef in Sydney Harbor. The 5 Gyres InstituteвЂ™s mission is to end plastic pollution, which it calls a global health crisis.

Origin Materials aims to make a new type of plastic thatвЂ™s sustainable and renewable. The Ocean Cleanup is using a two-kilometer-long screen to collect plastic waste. Organizations and individuals around the world have leaped to action to try to reverse some of the damage human activity has caused the oceans. Overfishing has depleted multiple marine species. Their water temperatures are rising due to climate change, causing coral bleaching and other harmful phenomena. TheyвЂ™re inundated with plastic waste, both whole single-use plastics and tons of plastic microparticles that find their way back into our food and drinking water.

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